Photonic Crystal
O le tioata photonic ose mea fa'aonaponei e aofia ai sela fa'avae fa'atasi ma se fa'ailoga fa'ata'oto maualuga ma maualalo ma fua fa'atusatusa i le umi galu o le malamalama mai se va'aiga fa'apitoa. E fa'aaogaina tioata fo'i i optoelectronics. E faʻapea o le faʻaaogaina o se tioata photonic o le a faʻatagaina, mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga. e pulea le faʻasalalauina o se galu malamalama ma o le a maua ai avanoa mo le fatuina o ata faʻapipiʻi faʻatasi ma faiga faʻapipiʻi, faʻapea foʻi ma fesoʻotaʻiga fesoʻotaʻiga ma se bandwidth tele (o le poloaiga a Pbps).
O le aʻafiaga o lenei mea i luga o le ala o le malamalama e tutusa ma le aafiaga o se faʻailoga i luga o le gaioiga o electrons i totonu o se tioata semiconductor. O le mea lea o le igoa "photonic crystal". O le fausaga o se tioata photonic e taofia ai le faʻasalalauina o galu malamalama i totonu i se vaega o galu umi. Ona sosoo ai lea ma le mea e taʻua o le photon gap. O le manatu o le fatuina o tioata photonic na faia i le taimi e tasi i le 1987 i nofoaga autu suʻesuʻe a Amerika e lua.
Eli Jablonovich o Bell Communications Research i New Jersey na galue i mea mo transistors photonic. O le taimi lena na ia fatuina ai le faaupuga "photonic bandgap". I le taimi lava e tasi, Sajiv John o le Iunivesite o Prieston, aʻo galue e faʻaleleia le lelei o lasers faʻaaogaina i fesoʻotaʻiga, na maua ai le va lava e tasi. I le 1991, na maua ai e Eli Yablonovich le tioata muamua photonic. I le 1997, na fausia ai se auala tele mo le mauaina o tioata.
O se fa'ata'ita'iga o se tioata fa'atusa e tolu-dimensional photonic o le opal, o se fa'ata'ita'iga o le ata o le apa'au o le pepe o le ituaiga Morpho. Ae ui i lea, o tioata photonic e masani ona faia faʻapitoa i totonu o fale suʻesuʻe mai le silicon, lea e faʻafefe foi. E tusa ai ma lo latou fausaga, ua vaevaeina i latou i le tasi, lua-ma le tolu-dimensional. O le fausaga sili ona faigofie o le fausaga e tasi. O tioata photonic e tasi-dimensional e lauiloa ma ua leva ona faʻaaogaina lapisi dielectric, o loʻo faʻaalia e se faʻataʻitaʻiga e faʻalagolago i le umi o le galu o le malamalama na tupu. O le mea moni, o le fa'ata lea o Bragg, e aofia ai le tele o fa'ailoga fa'atasi ai ma fa'ailoga fa'ailoga maualuga ma maualalo. O le fa'ata Bragg e galue e pei o se faamama maualalo-pass masani, o nisi laina e atagia ae o isi e pasia. Afai e te ta'avale le fa'ata Bragg i totonu o se paipa, e te maua se fausaga lua-dimensional.
O faʻataʻitaʻiga o tioata faʻataʻitaʻi lua-dimensional photonic fibers opitika ma layers photonic, lea, pe a maeʻa le tele o suiga, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina e sui ai le itu o se faailo malamalama i mamao e sili atu ona laʻititi nai lo faiga faʻapipiʻi tuʻufaʻatasia masani. O loʻo i ai nei auala e lua mo le faʻataʻitaʻiina o tioata photonic.
первый - PWM (auala galu vaalele) e faasino i fausaga e tasi ma le lua-dimensional ma e aofia ai i le fuafuaina o faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻapitoa, e aofia ai le Bloch, Faraday, Maxwell equations. Le lua O le metotia mo le faʻataʻitaʻiina o fausaga fiber optic o le FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain), lea e aofia ai le foia o faʻatusatusaga a Maxwell ma le faʻalagolago i le taimi mo le eletise ma le mageta. Ole mea lea e mafai ai ona faia fa'ata'ita'iga numera ile fa'asalalauina ole galu electromagnetic ile fausaga tioata. I le lumanaʻi, o lenei mea e tatau ona mafai ai ona maua faiga faʻapipiʻi faʻatasi ma fua faʻatusatusa i masini microelectronic e faʻaaogaina e pulea ai le malamalama.
O nisi faʻaoga o tioata photonic:
- Fa'ata filifilia o le laser resonators,
- tufatufa fa'afofoga lasers,
- Alava Photonic (photonic crystal fiber), filaments ma planar,
- Semiconductor Photonic, lanu pa'epa'e tele,
- LEDs ma le fa'atuputeleina lelei, Microresonators, Metamaterials - mea agavale,
- Su'ega Broadband o masini photonic,
- spectroscopy, interferometry po'o le optical coherence tomography (OCT) - fa'aaogaina se vaega malosi.
